Journal:

Article Title: Ascending caudal medullary catecholamine pathways drive sickness-induced deficits in exploratory behavior: brain substrates for fatigue?

doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: A,B. The destruction of caudal brainstem catecholaminergic projection neurons by micro-injection of the toxin saporin conjugated to anti-DBH into the PVN, which is densely innervated by VLM and NTS noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons (red filled dots and arrows in A), resulting in a loss of such neurons and their axonal projections to the PVN (indicated as open dots in B), with concomitant loss of collateral innervation of additional regions in fore- and midbrain. C. Functional inactivation of the dorsal vagal complex (DVC, including the NTS) which gives rise to non-catecholaminergic projections (in blue) via the PBel to the BST and the CEA, and direct catecholaminergic projections to the PVN (in red).

Article Snippet: The glass micropipets were backfilled with a saline solution containing the immuntoxin anti-DBH saporin (DSAP, IT-03, Advanced Targeting Systems, San Diego, CA) or with the control saline solution containing saporin alone.

Techniques: Injection, Functional Assay